Background
Patients and methods
Analyses
Results
Baseline Characteristic | Overall ACCORD n = 10,251 | HRQOL Sample n = 2053 |
---|---|---|
Mean Age, Yrs | 62.2 ±6.8 | 62.2 ±6.7 |
Median Age, Yrs | 62 | 62 |
% Female | 38.6 | 39.6 |
% White | 64.8 | 65.9 |
% Black | 19.3 | 19.4 |
% Hispanic | 7.2 | 6.8 |
% Minority | 37.6 | 36.3 |
Highest Level of Education | . | . |
% Less than High School | 14.8 | 13.9 |
% High School Graduate | 26.4 | 26 |
% Some College | 32.8 | 33.2 |
% College Graduate or More | 26 | 26.9 |
Cigarette Smoker | . | . |
% Never | 41.8 | 41.2 |
% Former | 44.2 | 45.6 |
% Current | 14 | 13.3 |
% Secondary Cardio vascular Disease Status | 35.2 | 36.1 |
Mean Duration of Diabetes, Yrs | 10.8 ± 7.8 | 11.1 ± 7.8 |
Median Duration of Diabetes, Yrs | 10 | 10 |
Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), % | 8.3 ± 1.1 | 8.3 ±1.1 |
Median HbA1c, % | 8.1 | 8.1 |
Mean Fasting Plasma Glucose, mg/% | 175.3 ±56.2 | 177.1 ±57.6 |
Mean Serum Creatinine, mg/ml | 0.9 ±0.2 | 0.9 ±0.2 |
Mean Glomerular Filtration Rate, ml/min | 91.1 ±27.1 | 91.7 ±31.3 |
Mean Weight, lbs | 206.2 ±41.1 | 207.5 ±41.7 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 32.2 ±5.5 | 32.4 ±5.5 |
Waist Circumference, inches | 42 ±5.5 | 42.1 ±5.5 |
Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (mm/HG) | 136.4 ±17.1 | 136.2 ±17.1 |
Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm/HG) | 74.9 ±10.7 | 74.5 ±10.9 |
% On Any Hypertension Medications | 85.4 | 85.5 |
% On Any Angiotensin-receptor converting enzyme Inhibitors | 53 | 52 |
% on Beta Blockers | 29.3 | 30.3 |
Mean Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (mg/dl) | 104.9 ±33.9 | 104.3 ±34.0 |
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (mg/dl) | 41.9 ±11.6 | 42.1 ±11.7 |
HDL among Females (mg/dl) | 47 ±12.6 | 47.3 ±12.6 |
HDL among Males (mg/dl) | 38.6 ±9.6 | 38.7 ±9.7 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 183.3 ±41.9 | 182.8 ±41.3 |
Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 141.4 ±41.4 | 140.7 ±40.9 |
% with High Triglyceride | 23.3 | 23.3 |
Median Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 155 | 156 |
% On Statins | 62.1 | 63.5 |
Variable | SF-6D | Health Utilities Index 3 Score | Health Utilities Index 2 Score | Feeling Thermometer | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slope | P- value | Slope | P- value | Slope | P- value | Slope | P- value | |
Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | |||||
0-Intercept | 0.756 |
<.0001
| 1.038 |
<.0001
| 0.907 |
<.0001
| 1.012 |
<.0001
|
Aspirin | . |
.
| . |
.
| 0.014 |
0.041
| 0.015 |
0.041
|
Body mass index | . |
.
| −0.006 |
<.0001
| −0.004 |
<.0001
| −0.002 |
0.062
|
NonWhite | . |
.
| . |
.
| . |
.
| −0.039 |
0.000
|
Waist circumference (inches) | −0.002 |
<.0001
| . |
.
| . |
.
| −0.003 |
0.010
|
Age | 0.001 |
0.043
| . |
.
| 0.001 |
0.007
| 0.002 |
0.001
|
Black | . |
.
| . |
.
| . |
.
| 0.060 |
<.0001
|
Total cholesterol | 0.000 |
0.001
| −0.001 |
<.0001
| −0.001 |
0.000
| . |
.
|
Duration of diabetes (years) | −0.001 |
0.002
| −0.002 |
0.005
| −0.001 |
0.001
| −0.001 |
0.011
|
Educational level | 0.005 |
0.006
| 0.023 |
<.0001
| 0.014 |
<.0001
| . |
.
|
Female | −0.024 |
<.0001
| −0.040 |
0.001
| −0.030 |
<.0001
| −0.043 |
<.0001
|
Glycated hemoglobin | . |
.
| . |
.
| . |
.
| −0.014 |
<.0001
|
Low density lipoprotein | 0.000 |
0.008
| 0.001 |
0.001
| 0.000 |
0.017
| . |
.
|
Secondary cardiovascular disease | −0.013 |
0.001
| −0.069 |
<.0001
| −0.032 |
<.0001
| −0.018 |
0.021
|
Smoking | −0.009 |
0.003
| −0.040 |
<.0001
| −0.027 |
<.0001
| −0.019 |
0.001
|
Hispanic | −0.027 |
0.001
| −0.067 |
0.004
| . |
.
| . |
.
|
Variance explained by model |
6.1%
( P < 0.001) |
7.7%
( P < 0.001) |
7.6%
( P < 0.001) |
7.7%
( P < 0.001) |
Variable | SF-6D | HUI3 Score | HUI2 Score | Feeling Thermometer | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aspirin | No | 0.660 | 0.648 | 0.774 | 0.750 |
Yes | 0.667 | 0.667 | 0.788 | 0.765 | |
NonWhite | No | 0.666 | 0.678 | 0.789 | 0.784 |
Yes | 0.661 | 0.636 | 0.773 | 0.731 | |
Black | No | 0.664 | 0.634 | 0.779 | 0.720 |
Yes | 0.663 | 0.681 | 0.783 | 0.796 | |
Education | Less than High School | 0.655 | 0.616 | 0.759 | 0.757 |
High School Graduate | 0.662 | 0.662 | 0.781 | 0.757 | |
Some College | 0.663 | 0.641 | 0.776 | 0.755 | |
College Graduate | 0.673 | 0.709 | 0.809 | 0.763 | |
Female | No | 0.673 | 0.677 | 0.793 | 0.776 |
Yes | 0.654 | 0.637 | 0.769 | 0.740 | |
Secondary cardiovascular disease | No | 0.671 | 0.689 | 0.795 | 0.766 |
Yes | 0.656 | 0.625 | 0.767 | 0.750 | |
Smoking | No | 0.672 | 0.692 | 0.805 | 0.776 |
Previous | 0.669 | 0.686 | 0.795 | 0.768 | |
Current | 0.650 | 0.594 | 0.743 | 0.729 | |
Hispanic | No | 0.675 | 0.668 | 0.782 | 0.743 |
Yes | 0.652 | 0.646 | 0.780 | 0.773 |