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Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie 9/2008

01.09.2008 | Leitthema

Präoperative Nüchternheit 2008

Ärztliches Handeln zwischen Empirie und Wissenschaft

verfasst von: G. Weiß, Dr. M. Jacob

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 9/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel präoperativer Nüchternheit ist die Minimierung des Aspirationsrisikos. Perioperative Sicherheit steigt jedoch nicht linear mit der Nüchternheitsdauer. Das traditionelle Gebot völliger Nüchternheit ab Mitternacht basiert auf lückenhaftem Datenmaterial, Überinterpretation und Expertenmeinung. Tatsächlich ist das Gesamtrisiko der klinisch relevanten Aspiration gering, klare Flüssigkeit verbleibt in der Regel nur kurz im Magen und eine Nüchternzeit von 6 h erlaubt beim Gesunden die vollständige Passage fester Nahrung. Die Identifikation der Patienten, die einem erhöhten Aspirationsrisiko ausgesetzt sind, bereitet nach wie vor große Schwierigkeiten. Insbesondere die Bedeutung von Schwangerschaft, Adipositas, Diabetes mellitus, Trauma, Rauchen oder Niereninsuffizienz ist letztlich nicht geklärt. Dies spiegeln auch nationale und internationale Richtlinien zur präoperativen Nahrungs- und Flüssigkeitskarenz wider, die den „Risikopatienten“ zwar z. T. erwähnen, aber nicht exakt definieren. Ein Verzicht auf klare Flüssigkeiten bis 2 h und auf feste Speisen bis 6 h vor anästhesiologischen Verfahren setzt sich zunehmend durch. Muttermilch bei Kindern wird bis 4 h präoperativ toleriert.
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Metadaten
Titel
Präoperative Nüchternheit 2008
Ärztliches Handeln zwischen Empirie und Wissenschaft
verfasst von
G. Weiß
Dr. M. Jacob
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 9/2008
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-008-1429-4

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