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Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie 5/2011

01.05.2011 | Originalien

Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der postoperativen Phase

Relative Effektivität von Droperidol und Metoclopramid

verfasst von: M. Merker, P. Kranke, A.M. Morin , D. Rüsch, Prof. Dr. L.H.J. Eberhart, MA

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 5/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Droperidol und Metoclopramid sind gut evaluierte Dopamin-D2-Rezeptor-Antagonisten zur Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der postoperativen Phase („postoperative nausea and vomiting“, PONV). Nach einem etwa 7-jährigen Produktionsstopp und der im Jahr 2008 erfolgten Wiederzulassung stellt sich nun die Frage nach der relativen Effektivität beider Substanzen bei der Prophylaxe von PONV.

Material und Methoden

In Anlehnung an die PRISMA-Empfehlungen erfolgten eine systematische Literatursuche und die Extraktion relevanter Begleit- und Endpunkte aus den als relevant identifizierten Publikationen. Hauptzielgröße war die Inzidenz von PONV in einer „frühen“ (0–6 h postoperativ) bzw. in der gesamten postoperativen Phase (0–48 h postoperativ). Daraus wurde das relative Risiko (RR) mit dem jeweiligen 95%-Konfidenzintervall (95%-KI) für das Auftreten von PONV unter Metoclopramid im Vergleich zu Droperidol berechnet.

Ergebnisse

Es wurden 41 Studien mit insgesamt 3491 Patienten in die Analyse aufgenommen. Aufgrund der breiten Spanne der verwendeten Dosierungen beider Substanzen erfolgten neben einer kumulativen Analyse auch Einzelauswertungen bestimmter Dosisbereiche. Das Risiko nach Metoclopramid ist im frühen Intervall 35% (95%-KI: 17–57%) höher als nach Droperidol und im kumulativen Beobachtungszeitraums 20% höher (95%-KI: 7–37%). In den weiteren Subgruppenanalysen zeigte sich keine eindeutige Dosis-Wirkung-Beziehung.

Schlussfolgerungen

Droperidol ist für die Prophylaxe von PONV dem überwiegend in niedriger Dosierung applizierten Metoclopramid (<20 mg) in annähernd allen Dosiskombinationen signifikant überlegen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Prophylaxe von Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der postoperativen Phase
Relative Effektivität von Droperidol und Metoclopramid
verfasst von
M. Merker
P. Kranke
A.M. Morin
D. Rüsch
Prof. Dr. L.H.J. Eberhart, MA
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2011
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 5/2011
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-010-1825-4

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