Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 1/2016

01.01.2016 | Aszites | CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Anästhesie bei Leberinsuffizienz

verfasst von: Eva-Lotte Camboni-Schellenberg, PD Dr. Barbara Sinner, D.E.A.A.

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 1/2016

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Bei der Leberinsuffizienz unterscheidet man die akute Insuffizienz bzw. das akute Leberversagen von der chronischen Leberinsuffizienz und der akuten Dekompensation einer chronischen Leberinsuffizienz, das „acute on chronic liver failure“, dessen Inzidenz in den letzten Jahren steigend ist. Im Rahmen der Leberinsuffizienz kommt es zu einer Reihe von pathophysiologischen Veränderungen deren Ausprägung von der Genese und Dauer der Lebererkrankung abhängig ist. Hierzu zählen einerseits Einschränkung der Synthese- und Metabolisierungsleistung, wie z. B. Gerinnungsstörungen. Auf der anderen Seite kommt es gerade bei chronischer Leberinsuffizienz zu Schädigungen extrahepatischer Organe wie z. B. des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems, des respiratorischen Systems und der Niere. Neben diesen pathophysiologischen Veränderungen werden für die perioperative Risikostratifizierung die Child-Turcotte-Pugh-Klassifizierung (CTP) sowie das Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) herangezogen.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Cowan RE, Jackson BT, Grainger SL, Thompson RPH (1991) Effects of anesthetic agents and abdominal surgery on liver blood flow. Hepatology 14:1161–1166PubMed Cowan RE, Jackson BT, Grainger SL, Thompson RPH (1991) Effects of anesthetic agents and abdominal surgery on liver blood flow. Hepatology 14:1161–1166PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Lautt WW (1996) The 1995 Ciba-Geigy Award Lecture. Intrinsic regulation of hepatic blood flow. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 74:223–233CrossRefPubMed Lautt WW (1996) The 1995 Ciba-Geigy Award Lecture. Intrinsic regulation of hepatic blood flow. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 74:223–233CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrier C, Marty J, Bouffard Y et al (1985) Alfentanil pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 62:480–484CrossRefPubMed Ferrier C, Marty J, Bouffard Y et al (1985) Alfentanil pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 62:480–484CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat van Beem H, Manger FW, van Boxtel C, van Bentem N (1983) Etomidate anaesthesia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: pharmacokinetic data. Anaesthesia 38(Suppl):61–62CrossRefPubMed van Beem H, Manger FW, van Boxtel C, van Bentem N (1983) Etomidate anaesthesia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: pharmacokinetic data. Anaesthesia 38(Suppl):61–62CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bosilkovska M, Walder B, Besson M, Daali Y, Desmeules J (2012) Analgesics in patients with hepatic impairment: pharmacology and clinical implications. Drugs 72:1645–1669CrossRefPubMed Bosilkovska M, Walder B, Besson M, Daali Y, Desmeules J (2012) Analgesics in patients with hepatic impairment: pharmacology and clinical implications. Drugs 72:1645–1669CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Tegeder I, Lötsch J, Geisslinger G (1999) Pharmacokinetics of opioids in liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 37:17–40CrossRefPubMed Tegeder I, Lötsch J, Geisslinger G (1999) Pharmacokinetics of opioids in liver disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 37:17–40CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Servin F, Cockshott ID, Farinotti R et al (1990) Pharmacokinetics of propofol infusions in patients with cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 65:177–183CrossRefPubMed Servin F, Cockshott ID, Farinotti R et al (1990) Pharmacokinetics of propofol infusions in patients with cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 65:177–183CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Pandele G, Chaux F, Salvadori C, Farinotti M, Duvaldestin P (1983) Thiopental pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 59:123–126CrossRefPubMed Pandele G, Chaux F, Salvadori C, Farinotti M, Duvaldestin P (1983) Thiopental pharmacokinetics in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 59:123–126CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat De Wolf AM, Freeman JA, Scott VL et al (1996) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. Br J Anaesth 76:624–628CrossRefPubMed De Wolf AM, Freeman JA, Scott VL et al (1996) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. Br J Anaesth 76:624–628CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Parker CJ, Hunter JM (1989) Pharmacokinetics of atracurium and laudanosine in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 62:177–183CrossRefPubMed Parker CJ, Hunter JM (1989) Pharmacokinetics of atracurium and laudanosine in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 62:177–183CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunter JM (1995) The pharmacokinetics of rocuronium bromide in hepatic cirrhosis. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 11:39–41PubMed Hunter JM (1995) The pharmacokinetics of rocuronium bromide in hepatic cirrhosis. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 11:39–41PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Lebrault C, Berger JL, D’Hollander AA et al (1985) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vecuronium (ORG NC 45) in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 62:601–605CrossRefPubMed Lebrault C, Berger JL, D’Hollander AA et al (1985) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vecuronium (ORG NC 45) in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology 62:601–605CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Duvaldestin P, Agoston S, Henzel D, Kersten UW, Desmonts JM (1978) Pancuronium pharmacokinetics in patients with liver cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 50:1131–1136CrossRefPubMed Duvaldestin P, Agoston S, Henzel D, Kersten UW, Desmonts JM (1978) Pancuronium pharmacokinetics in patients with liver cirrhosis. Br J Anaesth 50:1131–1136CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Becker E (2011) Diagnosis and therapy of ascites in liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 17:1237–1248CrossRef Becker E (2011) Diagnosis and therapy of ascites in liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 17:1237–1248CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Raval Z, Harinstein ME, Skaro AI et al Cardiovascular risk assessment of the liver transplant candidate. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:223–231 Raval Z, Harinstein ME, Skaro AI et al Cardiovascular risk assessment of the liver transplant candidate. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:223–231
17.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Farr M, Schulze PC (2015) Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of cirrhosis-associated cardiomyopathy in liver transplant candidates: advanced echo imaging, cardiac biomarkers, and advanced heart failure therapies. Clin Med Insights Cardiol 8(Suppl 1):67–74PubMedPubMedCentral Farr M, Schulze PC (2015) Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of cirrhosis-associated cardiomyopathy in liver transplant candidates: advanced echo imaging, cardiac biomarkers, and advanced heart failure therapies. Clin Med Insights Cardiol 8(Suppl 1):67–74PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Bal JS, Thuluvath PJ (2003) Prolongation of QTc interval: relationship with etio- logy and severity of liver disease, mortality and liver transplantation. Liver Int 23:243–248CrossRefPubMed Bal JS, Thuluvath PJ (2003) Prolongation of QTc interval: relationship with etio- logy and severity of liver disease, mortality and liver transplantation. Liver Int 23:243–248CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Saner FH, Neumann T, Canbay A et al (2011) High brain-natriuretic peptide level predicts cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant patients. Transpl Int 24:425–432CrossRefPubMed Saner FH, Neumann T, Canbay A et al (2011) High brain-natriuretic peptide level predicts cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in liver transplant patients. Transpl Int 24:425–432CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Coss E, Watt KD, Pedersen R et al (2011) Predictors of cardiovascular events after liver transplantation; a role for pre- transplant serum troponin levels. Liver Transpl 17:23–31CrossRefPubMed Coss E, Watt KD, Pedersen R et al (2011) Predictors of cardiovascular events after liver transplantation; a role for pre- transplant serum troponin levels. Liver Transpl 17:23–31CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ (2008) Hepatopulmonary syndrome – a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. N Engl J Med 358:2378–2387CrossRefPubMed Rodriguez-Roisin R, Krowka MJ (2008) Hepatopulmonary syndrome – a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. N Engl J Med 358:2378–2387CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Raevens S, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C et al (2015) Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: recent knowledge in pathogenesis and overview of clinical assessment. Liver Int 35:1646–1660. doi:10.1111/liv.12791 CrossRef Raevens S, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C et al (2015) Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: recent knowledge in pathogenesis and overview of clinical assessment. Liver Int 35:1646–1660. doi:10.​1111/​liv.​12791 CrossRef
24.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Salerno F, Gerbes A, Gine’s P, Wong F, Arroyo V (2007) Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Gut 56:1310–1318PubMedPubMedCentral Salerno F, Gerbes A, Gine’s P, Wong F, Arroyo V (2007) Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Gut 56:1310–1318PubMedPubMedCentral
26.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Ginès P, Guevara M (2008) Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: pathogenesis, clinical significance, and management. Hepatology 48:1002–1010CrossRefPubMed Ginès P, Guevara M (2008) Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: pathogenesis, clinical significance, and management. Hepatology 48:1002–1010CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tripodi A, Mannucci PM (2011) The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 365:147–156CrossRefPubMed Tripodi A, Mannucci PM (2011) The coagulopathy of chronic liver disease. N Engl J Med 365:147–156CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Northup PG, Caldwell SH (2013) Coagulation in liver disease: a guide for the clinician. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:1064–1074CrossRefPubMed Northup PG, Caldwell SH (2013) Coagulation in liver disease: a guide for the clinician. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:1064–1074CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Kozek-Langenecker SA, Afshari A, Albaladejo P et al (2013) Management of severe perioperative bleeding: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 30:270–382CrossRefPubMed Kozek-Langenecker SA, Afshari A, Albaladejo P et al (2013) Management of severe perioperative bleeding: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 30:270–382CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Mallett SV, Chowdary P, Burroughs AK (2013) Clinical utility of viscoelastic tests of coagulation in patients with liver disease. Liver Int 33:961–974CrossRefPubMed Mallett SV, Chowdary P, Burroughs AK (2013) Clinical utility of viscoelastic tests of coagulation in patients with liver disease. Liver Int 33:961–974CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Stanca CM, Montazem AH, Lawal A, Zhang JX, Schiano TD (2010) Intranasal desmopressin versus blood transfusion in cirrhotic patients with coagulopathy undergoing dental extraction: a randomized controlled trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:138–143CrossRefPubMed Stanca CM, Montazem AH, Lawal A, Zhang JX, Schiano TD (2010) Intranasal desmopressin versus blood transfusion in cirrhotic patients with coagulopathy undergoing dental extraction: a randomized controlled trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:138–143CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Martí-Carvajal AJ1, Solà I, Martí-Carvajal PI (2012) Antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute or chronic liver disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD006007 Martí-Carvajal AJ1, Solà I, Martí-Carvajal PI (2012) Antifibrinolytic amino acids for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute or chronic liver disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD006007
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Krisl JC, Meadows HE, Greenberg CS, Mazur JE (2011) Clinical usefulness of recombinant activated factor VII in patients with liver failure undergoing invasive procedures. Ann Pharmacother 45:1433–1438CrossRefPubMed Krisl JC, Meadows HE, Greenberg CS, Mazur JE (2011) Clinical usefulness of recombinant activated factor VII in patients with liver failure undergoing invasive procedures. Ann Pharmacother 45:1433–1438CrossRefPubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Felipo V (2013) Hepatic encephalopathy: effects of liver failure on brain function. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:851–858CrossRefPubMed Felipo V (2013) Hepatic encephalopathy: effects of liver failure on brain function. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:851–858CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Cordoba J, Ventura-Cots M, Simón-Talero M et al (2014) Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on- chronic liver failure (ACLF). J Hepatol 60:275–281CrossRefPubMed Cordoba J, Ventura-Cots M, Simón-Talero M et al (2014) Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on- chronic liver failure (ACLF). J Hepatol 60:275–281CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Bosoi CR, Parent-Robitaille C, Anderson K, Tremblay M, Rose CF (2011) AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) lowers ammonia levels and attenuates brain edema in bile duct-ligated rats. Hepatology 53:1995–2002CrossRefPubMed Bosoi CR, Parent-Robitaille C, Anderson K, Tremblay M, Rose CF (2011) AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) lowers ammonia levels and attenuates brain edema in bile duct-ligated rats. Hepatology 53:1995–2002CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hung TH, Lay CJ, Chang CM et al (2013) The effect of infections on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Epidemiol Infect 141:2671–2678CrossRefPubMed Hung TH, Lay CJ, Chang CM et al (2013) The effect of infections on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Epidemiol Infect 141:2671–2678CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K et al (2002) Hepaticencephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantifi- cation: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 35:716–721CrossRefPubMed Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K et al (2002) Hepaticencephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantifi- cation: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 35:716–721CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat García-Martínez R, Córdoba J (2011) Acute-on-chronic liver failure: the brain. Curr Opin Crit Care 17:177–183CrossRefPubMed García-Martínez R, Córdoba J (2011) Acute-on-chronic liver failure: the brain. Curr Opin Crit Care 17:177–183CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Dahaba AA, Worm HC, Zhu SM et al (2008) Sensitivity and specificity of bispectral index for classification of overt hepatic encephalopathy: a multicentre, observer blinded, validation study. Gut 57:77–83CrossRefPubMed Dahaba AA, Worm HC, Zhu SM et al (2008) Sensitivity and specificity of bispectral index for classification of overt hepatic encephalopathy: a multicentre, observer blinded, validation study. Gut 57:77–83CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Toprak Hİ, Sener A, Gedik E et al (2011) Bispectral index monitoring to guide end-tidal isoflurane concentration at three phases of operation in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 43:892–895CrossRefPubMed Toprak Hİ, Sener A, Gedik E et al (2011) Bispectral index monitoring to guide end-tidal isoflurane concentration at three phases of operation in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 43:892–895CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Telem DA, Schiano T, Goldstone R et al (2010) Factors that predict outcome of abdominal operations in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:451–457CrossRefPubMed Telem DA, Schiano T, Goldstone R et al (2010) Factors that predict outcome of abdominal operations in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:451–457CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Befeler AS, Palmer DE, Hoffman M et al (2005) The safety of intra-abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis: model for end-stage liver disease score is superior to Child–Turcotte–Pugh classification in predicting outcome. Arch Surg 140:650–654CrossRefPubMed Befeler AS, Palmer DE, Hoffman M et al (2005) The safety of intra-abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis: model for end-stage liver disease score is superior to Child–Turcotte–Pugh classification in predicting outcome. Arch Surg 140:650–654CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanje AJ, Patel T (2007) Preoperative evaluation of patients with liver disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:266–276CrossRefPubMed Hanje AJ, Patel T (2007) Preoperative evaluation of patients with liver disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:266–276CrossRefPubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Gelman SI (1976) Disturbances in hepatic blood flow during anesthesia and surgery. Arch Surg 111:881–883CrossRefPubMed Gelman SI (1976) Disturbances in hepatic blood flow during anesthesia and surgery. Arch Surg 111:881–883CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Torrance HB (1957) Liver blood flow during operations on the upper abdomen. J Roy Coll Surg Edinb 2:216–228PubMed Torrance HB (1957) Liver blood flow during operations on the upper abdomen. J Roy Coll Surg Edinb 2:216–228PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Aranha GV, Sontag SJ, Greenlee HB (1982) Cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients: a formidable operation. Am J Surg 143:55–60CrossRefPubMed Aranha GV, Sontag SJ, Greenlee HB (1982) Cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients: a formidable operation. Am J Surg 143:55–60CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Belghiti J, Cherqui D, Langonnet F, Fekete F (1990) Esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. Hepatogastroenterology 37:388–391PubMed Belghiti J, Cherqui D, Langonnet F, Fekete F (1990) Esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma in cirrhotic patients. Hepatogastroenterology 37:388–391PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Bloch RS, Allaben RD, Walt AJ (1985) Cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis. A surgical challenge. Arch Surg 120:669–672CrossRefPubMed Bloch RS, Allaben RD, Walt AJ (1985) Cholecystectomy in patients with cirrhosis. A surgical challenge. Arch Surg 120:669–672CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Demetriades D, Constantinou C, Salim A et al (2004) Liver cirrhosis in patients undergoing laparotomy for trauma: effect on outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 199:538–542CrossRefPubMed Demetriades D, Constantinou C, Salim A et al (2004) Liver cirrhosis in patients undergoing laparotomy for trauma: effect on outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 199:538–542CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Douard R, Lentschener C, Ozier Y, Dousset B (2009) Operative risks of digestive surgery in cirrhotic patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 33:555–564CrossRefPubMed Douard R, Lentschener C, Ozier Y, Dousset B (2009) Operative risks of digestive surgery in cirrhotic patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 33:555–564CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Filsoufi F, Salzberg SP, Rahmanian PB et al (2007) Early and late outcome of cardiac surgery in patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 13:990–995CrossRefPubMed Filsoufi F, Salzberg SP, Rahmanian PB et al (2007) Early and late outcome of cardiac surgery in patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 13:990–995CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Klemperer JD, Ko W, Krieger KH et al (1998) Cardiac operations in patients with cirrhosis. Ann Thorac Surg 65:85–87CrossRefPubMed Klemperer JD, Ko W, Krieger KH et al (1998) Cardiac operations in patients with cirrhosis. Ann Thorac Surg 65:85–87CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Suman A, Barnes DS, Zein NN et al (2004) Predicting outcome after cardiac surgery in patients with cirrhosis: a comparison of Child–Pugh and MELD scores. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:719–723CrossRefPubMed Suman A, Barnes DS, Zein NN et al (2004) Predicting outcome after cardiac surgery in patients with cirrhosis: a comparison of Child–Pugh and MELD scores. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:719–723CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Tachibana M, Kotoh T, Kinugasa S et al (2000) Esophageal cancer with cirrhosis of the liver: results of esophagectomy in 18 consecutive patients. Ann Surg Oncol 7:758–763CrossRefPubMed Tachibana M, Kotoh T, Kinugasa S et al (2000) Esophageal cancer with cirrhosis of the liver: results of esophagectomy in 18 consecutive patients. Ann Surg Oncol 7:758–763CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Garrison RN, Cryer HM, Howard DA, Polk HC Jr (1984) Clarification of risk factors forabdominal operations inpatients withhepatic cirrhosis. Ann Surg 199:648–655CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Garrison RN, Cryer HM, Howard DA, Polk HC Jr (1984) Clarification of risk factors forabdominal operations inpatients withhepatic cirrhosis. Ann Surg 199:648–655CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Friedman LS (1999) The risk of surgery in patients with liver disease. Hepatology 29:1617–1623CrossRefPubMed Friedman LS (1999) The risk of surgery in patients with liver disease. Hepatology 29:1617–1623CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Ko JS, Gwak MS, Choi SJ et al (2010) The effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on hepatic and renal functions after right hepatectomy in living donors. Transpl Int 23:736–744CrossRefPubMed Ko JS, Gwak MS, Choi SJ et al (2010) The effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on hepatic and renal functions after right hepatectomy in living donors. Transpl Int 23:736–744CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Chida Y, Sudo N, Kubo C (2005) Psychological stress impairs hepatic blood flow via central CRF receptors in mice. Life Sci 76:1707–1712CrossRefPubMed Chida Y, Sudo N, Kubo C (2005) Psychological stress impairs hepatic blood flow via central CRF receptors in mice. Life Sci 76:1707–1712CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Yu HJ, Lin BR, Lee HS et al (2005) Sympathetic vesicovascular reflex induced by acute urinary retention evokes proinflammatory and proapoptotic injury in rat liver. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288:F1005–1014CrossRefPubMed Yu HJ, Lin BR, Lee HS et al (2005) Sympathetic vesicovascular reflex induced by acute urinary retention evokes proinflammatory and proapoptotic injury in rat liver. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288:F1005–1014CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Waurick K, Riess H, van Aken H et al (2014) S1 Leitline Rückenmarksnahe Regionalanästhesien und Thrombembolieprophylaxe/antithrombotische Medikation. 3. überarbeitete Empfehlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin.Anästh Intensivmed 55:464–492 Waurick K, Riess H, van Aken H et al (2014) S1 Leitline Rückenmarksnahe Regionalanästhesien und Thrombembolieprophylaxe/antithrombotische Medikation. 3. überarbeitete Empfehlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin.Anästh Intensivmed 55:464–492
Metadaten
Titel
Anästhesie bei Leberinsuffizienz
verfasst von
Eva-Lotte Camboni-Schellenberg
PD Dr. Barbara Sinner, D.E.A.A.
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2016
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-015-0094-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2016

Der Anaesthesist 1/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

23.04.2024 Appendizitis Nachrichten

Schmerzen im Unterbauch, aber sonst nicht viel, was auf eine Appendizitis hindeutete: Ein junger Mann hatte Glück, dass trotzdem eine Laparoskopie mit Appendektomie durchgeführt und der Wurmfortsatz histologisch untersucht wurde.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Mehr Schaden als Nutzen durch präoperatives Aussetzen von GLP-1-Agonisten?

23.04.2024 Operationsvorbereitung Nachrichten

Derzeit wird empfohlen, eine Therapie mit GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten präoperativ zu unterbrechen. Eine neue Studie nährt jedoch Zweifel an der Notwendigkeit der Maßnahme.

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.