Background
Exogenous and endogenous ROS
Mitochondrial metabolism and functions
ROS-induced mtDNA damage
Damaged mtDNA acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)
Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) and AM dysfunction induced by mtDNA damage
Transcription factor and cell signaling pathway changes after mtDNA damage
Ogg1
Aco2
NOX-Nrf2
p53
Pai-1/nlrp3
ROS-related lung diseases
ROS and lung fibrosis
ROS and asbestos
ROS and airway diseases
ROS and ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
ROS and lung cancer
Therapeutic intervention with antioxidants
Classification | Antioxidant compounds | Potential lung disease applications |
---|---|---|
Dietary vitamins | Ascorbic acid Vitamin E β-carotene Selenium All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) | Asthma, COPD, cigarette smoking, emphysema |
Thiols | Glutathione (GSH) | COPD, asthma |
N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) N-acystelyn (NAL) N-iso-butyryl-cysteine (NIC) | IPF, silicosis, ALI/ARDS, chronic bronchitis | |
Erdosteine Fudosteine | COPD, chronic bronchitis, cigarette smoking | |
Thioredoxin (MOL-294) | Lung cancer | |
Enzyme mimetics | SOD | ALI/ARDS, COPD, cigarette smoking, asthma |
Ebselen | COPD, asthma | |
PDE4 inhibitors | Roflumilast Cilomilast | COPD, asthma, chronic bronchitis |
Polyphenols | Resveratrol Curcumin Quercetin Lycopene Acai | COPD ALI/ARDS |